Saturday, August 31, 2019

Rampart Scandal

Abstract This paper looks at the history of the Los Angeles Police Department as it relates to police culture and several major incidents leading up to the Rampart Scandal. The police culture of a young LAPD ultimately seemed to linger and affect the LAPD of today. The lack of supervision and positive community interaction seemed to solidify the primitive police culture. The History of Police Culture Leading to the Rampart Scandal The Los Angeles Police Department is one of the biggest and most innovative police departments in the world that has been in existence since 1853.The LAPD encompasses nearly 468 square miles in over 19 divisions and employing nearly 10,000 sworn police officers to police a population of roughly 4 million people (Los Angeles Police Department, 2012). When many people think of police, they often have visions of old television re-runs of Adam 12 or Dragnet, both of which were police shows with officers and detectives from the Los Angeles Police Department. The television programs depicted officers and detectives conducting their investigations, where the officers maintained absolute professionalism when making arrests or dealing with the public.These television programs never told the true story of crime and life out on the street or the real people that police it every day. The Los Angeles Police Department has had a very colorful history as it has led to modern times. The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943, the Watts Riots of 1965, the Rodney King Riots of 1992 and the Rampart Scandal all have had an impact on the LAPD and law enforcement in general, as well as how the public perceives police and their mission.In 1926, when Chief James Davis ran the LAPD, he gave a directive to his officers to rid the city of the â€Å"gun toting element and rum smugglers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and if his officers showed mercy to these people that he would reprimand them for that behavior (The LAPD:1926-1950, 2012). The mentality of Chief James Davis is where the LAPD e ssentially started, in a time when there was no true equality of citizens. The police officers were threatened with the possibility of losing their jobs if they showed mercy to people that they dealt with on the streets.With that type of attitude, the police and citizens did not have any type of a working relationship to solve problems or create an atmosphere of trust with the general public; only fear. There have been many Police Chiefs since that time and many have attempted to change the atmosphere in which the officers operate and treat each other and the citizens. Chief Willliam Parker ran the LAPD from 1950 until his death in 1966. Chief Parker was able to desegregate the LAPD and he allowed minority officers to work areas where they traditionally weren’t allowed to work before due to their minority status.Chief Parker also created a â€Å"professional† model of policing so as to cope with the rising population with a small amount of police officers (Martin, 2009 ). Despite the fact that change in how the LAPD dealt with the population was coming, the underlying attitude amongst most officers was that they were the law and they could do most anything that they felt needed to be done. To feed to this totalitarian attitude, the LAPD has had to deal with many civil unrest situations like the Watts Riots of 1965.The Watts Riots stemmed from an arrest of an African American subject named Marquette Frye that took place in the Watts neighborhood on Los Angeles. An altercation started possibly out of frustration with the lack of employment, housing and quality schools in the Watts area and turned into six days of riotous behavior in that poverty stricken area of Los Angeles. The LAPD as well as members of the National Guard were deployed to quell the violence on the streets (Unknown, 2012).The riot cost the lives of thirty-four people and created an even bigger rift with the LAPD and the community in which it serves. The police culture that had been passed on to generations of LAPD officers was one that was truly inconsistent with what law enforcement should be about. This came from an era where racial segregation was common in various parts of the country but civil rights began to become a hot topic in the world. The way in which officers of the LAPD dealt with people while interacting and doing their jobs was such an ineffective way of enforcing the laws as they were meant to be enforced.Many times the personal rights of individuals guaranteed under the United States Constitution were trampled on just because the attitudes of those in charge of both the police and the courts were primitive. Chief Daryl Gates took the helm of the LAPD in 1976 and he was creative in his ideas on how to modernize the LAPD. Chief Gates was there during the 80’s when gang-related violence was at an all-time high and something had to be done to effectively combat the problem. Community Policing philosophy was not a new idea at this point, b ut it had not been effectively implemented to cause any change. Chief Gates had the LAPD begin is form of â€Å"proactive† or iron fist policing tactics by implementing Operation Hammer in the streets in 1987. Operation Hammer was a police officer overload by the C. R. A. S. H. officers (Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums) in a certain area that has been experiencing numerous acts of gang-violence and officers enforce laws with ferocity using a zero-tolerance attitude with everybody in the neighborhood. This type of policing countered with other community policing programs that were in place to ensure that residents of these impoverished neighborhoods were being provided resources to help their situations (Sahagan, 1990).Operation Hammer was not just a way for the LAPD to take violent criminals off the streets, but some have said that it was LAPD’s way of sending a message to the violent offenders to stop the violence. Officers during these various â€Å"oper ations† were not only searching and seizing items of evidence, but destroying property and disrespecting family of the gang members they sought to arrest. These tactics were not effective and did nothing to combat the crime but seemed to enrage the citizens of those neighborhoods to cause further community relations problems for the LAPD.The distrust with the public and the LAPD continued to get worse until March 1991, when officers from the LAPD began chasing a speeding vehicle in their jurisdiction from the freeway. Rodney King was the driver of that speeding vehicle and he led officers on a chase that ultimately ended in a neighborhood area, where residents were woken up and videotaped recorders began recording. The videotape showed Rodney King being beaten numerous times with police batons at the hands of officers of the LAPD. The result was that the videotaped beating was given to the news media, which aired the footage to the world.The public outcry wanted the officers c harged for using excessive force upon Rodney King, which resulted in four officers being charged for using excessive force and ultimately acquitted of all charges. The response to the verdicts sparked complete civil unrest in the South Central area of Los Angeles, where the original beating took place. Initial rioters became enraged at the fact that an incident that was videotaped for the world to see could not convict police officers of excessive force. The riots lasted a total of six days and damage was estimated at one billion dollars.At this point, there was no relationship with the LAPD and the impoverished areas of Los Angeles and crime seemed to run rampant. The attitude of the LAPD had not evolved with the world’s views on civil rights and it had been proven based on the various riots and scandals of this era of the LAPD. I feel that in some ways, attempts had been made at this point to try and connect with the community but the weak attempts failed. LAPD continued to use their iron fist approach to handling problems, which history has showed that it was not effective enough to cause change.This attitude caused the LAPD to stand still while the world around was continuing to evolve and grow, which ultimately caused many issues for the LAPD and the city of Los Angeles. During the LA Riots, a young officer named Rafael Perez had been learning the skills of the job to move to the most sought after specialty positions such as narcotics and C. R. A. S. H. positions. When Rafael Perez, a native of Puerto Rico, was a child growing up he had ironically envisioned himself as being a Los Angeles Police Officer like the ones that he watched on the television program â€Å"Adam-12†.Rafael Perez ended up landing a police officer job with the LAPD in 1989, a time when tension amongst police officers and the communities it served was at a boiling point (Cannon, 2000). Many officers, ultimately found to be involved in some type of scandal or wrongdoing w ithin the LAPD had been hired within the same time period and had grown up with the LAPD police culture. Rafael Perez and many other officers involved in the Rampart Scandal, including Kevin Gaines, David Mack, and Nino Durden were hired in a time period between 1988 and 1990.Some critics say that these officers and many other officers that have partaken in misconduct of a criminal nature were hired at a time when there were federal rules of affirmative action hiring practices. These federal rules forced agencies, such as the LAPD to hire minority candidates and lower standards based on race and sex. When hiring standards for candidates of any job, much less a law enforcement job are lowered then the candidates are less desireable, regardless of race or sex. A statistical analysis of data from the U. S.Department of Justice from economist John Lott found that â€Å"aggressive† affirmative action hiring practices requiring a quota for hiring minority officers increased crime r ates. The report reads â€Å"When affirmative action rules take over†¦ the result is a reduced quality of officers† (Golab, 2005) With the federal regulations requiring affirmative action hiring practices, police departments, including the LAPD got away from the traditional hiring practices. Normally police officers are chosen as good candidates when they are hired on value-based hiring practices.The practices are to look thoroughly into the candidate’s background, mental background and learn about the candidate and his/her morals and values. When affirmative action regulations take over, value-based hiring practices are not used due to the fact that a minority quota is put in place instead of hiring the best quality candidate regardless of race or sex. In the case of the LAPD, this type of hiring practice allowed people like Rafael Perez, David Mack and the rest to take the law into their own hands and victimize citizens of Los Angeles.Once the officers in the Ra mpart Scandal were hired onto the LAPD, they learned how to do their jobs and in some instances came off as model police officers. Many of these officers received awards and commendations for the work that they had done while employed with the LAPD. Although I don’t know the entire career of these officers, it seems likely that their careers started with very minor â€Å"perks† being given to them as a result of their position of authority. Officers on this slippery-slope model of police corruption are brought into grafting subcultures that are already involved in this sort of corrupt and illegal activity.Once the newer officers of the group begin their path on the slippery-slope of corruption, it is often difficult for them to ever come back. This is due to them being a part of previous corruption, where other members of the grafting subculture group were witness to, and there is now fear amongst the members of the corruption being discovered. In the case of the LAPD, it appeared that the officers found to be involved in the corruption, had been involved for quite some time.The investigation into the Rampart Scandal began with the investigation into a shooting death of an off-duty LAPD officer by an on-duty LAPD narcotics detective. When investigators began looking into this case, they found that the off-duty officer that was killed, named Kevin Gaines had been involved with Death Row Records. Death Row Records was owned and run by a Piru-Blood gang member named Suge Knight. Kevin Gaines was also alleged to be involved with the Piru-Blood gang. As investigators looked deeper they found several LAPD officers working for Death Row Records and being involved in the Piru-Blood gang.A incident occurred on November 6, 1997 when the Bank of America branch in South Central Los Angeles was robbed at gun point. Two men entered the bank and demanded money from the customer service manager and she gave them approximately $722,000. When robbery detectives be gan investigating the crime, they were able to question the customer service manager extensively and she revealed that the bank robbery was an â€Å"inside job†, with the main suspect being her boyfriend and LAPD officer David Mack.Two days after the bank robbery, David Mack and Rafael Perez had gone to Las Vegas to celebrate. Investigators were learning that Rafael Perez had a relationship with each of these other officers and Rafael Perez was even thought to have been the second suspect in the bank robbery. When questioned about the bank robbery and his relationship with David Mack, Rafael Perez denied any involvement with the robbery but said that David Mack had saved his life when they worked in a narcotics unit together (Cannon, 2000).While investigators were looking for clues in the Kevin Gaines shooting and the Mack bank robbery, the LAPD began investigating the theft of six pounds of cocaine from the evidence storage by one of their officers. The officer was Rafael Pe rez and he had already been suspected of being associated with Kevin Gaines and David Mack. Rafael Perez also had a connection to Death Row Records and had gang ties to the Piru-Blood gang. Rafael was a member of the C. R. A. S. H. anti-gang unit at the time, which was a unit that had quickly gained a reputation for playing hardball with gang members but also for being corrupt.Investigators would soon learn that many other officers in the Rampart Division were a part of the noble cause corruption that seemed to run rampant in that division. David Mack was convicted of federal bank robbery charges and was sentenced to fourteen years in prison, even though the money was never recovered and the other suspect has never been identified. Rafael Perez was able to negotiate a sentence of five years in prison in exchange for Rafael Perez’s cooperation in identifying additional corruption of other officers within the Rampart Division of the LAPD (Cannon, 2000).The LAPD administration a nd the LA District Attorney’s Office felt that too many incidents of corruption were coming out of the Rampart Division and this was a fair way to make sure that they cleaned up the division and go after the corrupt officers. Rafael Perez talked with investigators about the socialization to C. R. A. S. H. and how officers new to the unit are treated and tested to see if they are trustworthy enough to be part of the corruption that was taking place. He also stated that the supervisors knew about the corruption and even encouraged officers to do whatever it took to make arrests and bring in uns, drugs and money from the streets (Caldero & Crank, 2004). Some citizens of the area seemed to think that what C. R. A. S. H. unit officers were doing to rid the streets of thugs and gang members was worth it to keep them safe. Others had differing feelings regarding the way officers acted, as many innocent people not affiliated with any gangs were caught up in the fray. Rafael Perez det ailed to investigators about the patterns of corruption that were used by C. R. A. S. H. unit officers. This included using the INS to deport gang members or people that associated with gang members.Often times â€Å"sweeps† were conducted and INS agents were used during these â€Å"sweeps† to get gang members off the streets. Using the INS for this purpose was strictly forbidden by the LAPD policies but seemed to be a common practice for members of the C. R. A. S. H. unit as a tactic. Other tactics that officers were using would be to plant guns and drugs on subjects, use violence against suspects, and to lie under oath during court proceedings all to ensure that gang members were prosecuted (Caldero & Crank, 2004).During investigators debriefs with Rafael Perez, he blamed the LAPD and the aggressive police culture that it has bred as the reason that he became a corrupt officer. The C. R. A. S. H. unit motto, which was printed over the office door read â€Å"We intim idate those who intimidate others. † Rafael Perez said that he developed that US vs. THEM attitude that many police officers develop over time of working with and around hardened criminals. He blamed the supervisors and management of the LAPD for expecting high numbers of arrests and seizures as a catalyst for the accepted corrupt police culture amongst the C.R. A. S. H. officers (Cannon, 2000). Rafael Perez told investigators about a time when he and fellow C. R. A. S. H. unit officer Nino Durden shot an unarmed gang member, Javier Ovando. The shooting resulted out of a second contact with Ovando for trespassing, but the clear motive for the shooting is still not known. Durden and Perez planted a gun on Ovando after the shooting and Ovando was later charged and convicted for assault on a police officer with a firearm.Investigators knew that Rafael Perez had lied about many of the details of the shooting of Ovando, and this called into question the other corruption cases that Rafael Perez had been telling investigators about (Cannon, 2000). The corruption cases that have been learned from the Rampart Division Scandal prompted the US Department of Justice to mandate LAPD to enter into a consent decree. The Assistant Attorney General accused the LAPD of â€Å"engaging in a pattern or practice of excessive force, false arrests, and unreasonable searches and seizures in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. (unknown, 2012) The consent decree was used as a tool to reform the police culture of the LAPD and to hold the LAPD accountable for violations of policy and procedure as well as criminal laws by officers of the LAPD. I feel that the history of the LAPD is the history of what we call modern day policing. LAPD has been so inventive and they have led the way in innovation in some regards. The attitudes of past leaders of the LAPD caused a police culture that was that of rough and tumble and not willing to â€Å"take shitâ⠂¬  from anybody.This type of attitude was prevalent for many years and spread to most police agencies, becoming the way to do police work. LAPD did not change with the times and continued with the attitude that they were above the law ultimately causing corruption to run rampant throughout the ranks. Understanding the history of the LAPD and the police culture that it has promoted, the consent decree was a necessary thing that has been used to reel in the aggressive tactics of officers that seemingly went unsupervised.The federal consent decree caused the LAPD to revisit the policies and procedures that were supposed to have been used by officers and supervisors alike. All personnel received additional training to hold each individual accountable to what they were responsible for. The future of the LAPD is one that many outsiders will look on with baited breath to see if the consent decree helped with changing aggressive police culture and problems associated with it. Only time wi ll tell to see if they (LAPD) learned their lesson and realize that they are there to uphold the laws and protect lives and property. ReferencesLos Angeles Police Department. (2012). Retrieved from lapdonline. org The LAPD:1926-1950. (2012). Retrieved from The Official Site of the Los Angeles Police Department: lapdonline. org/history_of_the_lapd/content_basic_view/1109 Caldero, M. , & Crank, J. P. (2004). Police Ethics: The Corruption of Noble Cause,Second Edition. Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. Cannon, L. (2000, October 1). One Bad Cop. Retrieved from The New York Times Magazine: http://www. truthinjustice. org/20001001mag-lapd. html Golab, J. (2005, June). How Racial P. C. Corrupted the LAPD (and Possibly Your Local Force as Well). The American Enterprise, 16(4).Retrieved from http://www. questia. com/library/1G1-132678217/how-racial-p-c-corrupted-the-lapd-and-possibly-your Martin, G. B. (2009, January 28). LAPD Chief Parker:a product of his time. Retrieved from LA Times: www. la times. com/news/opinion Sahagan, L. (1990, December 25). Parents called Vital to ‘Operation Hammer'. Retrieved from LA Times: http://articles. latimes. com/1990-12-25/local/me-7125_1_operation-hammer unknown. (2012). The Aftermath. Retrieved from Frontline: www. pbs. org Unknown. (2012, April 30). Watts Riots. Retrieved from Civil Rights Digital Library: http://crdl. usg. edu/events/watts_riots/

Friday, August 30, 2019

Gulliver in Brobdingnag Essay

The setting of the passage to be analyzed here is that of Gulliver’s voyage to a land of giants. The speaker’s context here is the basic comic devices of reversal and exaggeration. When the dimensions of things are reversed there is a comic effect. When clowns at the circus ride around in a tiny car the effect is hilarious. In a famous Gary Larsen cartoon a gigantic monster is seen peering into a man’s car through the wing mirror which reads: â€Å"Things reflected in this mirror may appear to be larger than they are. † The comic context employed by the speaker in the following passage, then, is that of a man suddenly turned tiny by circumstances beyond his control. There are, of course, classical antecedents for this type of size reversal. Odysseus in the cave of Cyclops would provide the best example. There are, no doubt, many who would argue that this incident in the Odyssey is not meant as humor. May we not at least wonder, however, if some of Homer’s audiences didn’t chuckle when they heard about how the â€Å"subtle† Odysseus outwitted the giant? It will be argued in the following that Swift’s intention throughout Part II as a whole is comic irony, and that the passage to be analyzed typifies the situation in which Gulliver finds himself when surrounded by giants. Starting off, a simple exaggeration introduces the passage: â€Å"The King’s palace is†¦ about seven miles round†¦ † suggesting the colossal size of the castle, the rooms within are â€Å"two hundred and forty Foot high. † Gulliver who is, as we have learned earlier, a proud and dignified man is reduced by his comparatively tiny dimensions to the role of a doll. All of his proud bearing and gentlemanly dignity disappears in a puff of smoke when his Mistress Glumdalclitch holds Gulliver up in her hand to give him a better view of the surroundings. Swift’s choice of words at the beginning of this passage also provides an ironic effect. Gulliver who is, in fact, a freak in this society reports that when Glumdalclitch is taken out to see the town, â€Å"†¦ I was always of the party, carried in my Box†¦ † To be â€Å"of the party† suggests social (and physical) equality, but when Swift follows this dignified phrase with the description â€Å"†¦ in my box† the effect is humorous, since Gulliver is revealed as the curiosity and freak that he is by the fact that he travels in a â€Å"box† like a doll. Swift’s imagery in this passage allowed allows the reader to see other human-like creature from the perspective of a very tiny person. It also demonstrates to the reader once again that Swift loves to engage in the humor of the disgusting and the impolite. When a group of Brobdingnagian beggars presses up against the carriage to view the strange little creature that is our speaker, Gulliver is able to observes the cancer on the breast of a beggar woman â€Å"†¦ full of holes, in two or three of which I could have easily crept†¦ † and body lice â€Å"†¦ and their snouts with which they rooted like Swine. † There is a misogynist quality to this joke. The breast of a woman is presented as disgusting rather than as an inspiration to art and poetry. The idea of crawling into a cancerous lesion on a woman’s breast is an ugly parody of what men usually think about when they see the naked female breast which is to adore, kiss, or suck it. This type of humor is based on a simple reversal of the usual emotions inspired by an image. The equivalent would be, for example, to provide an image of the Queen of England sitting on a chamber pot rather than her throne. The imagery in the rest of this passage is also unforgettable, especially the wooden legs of a beggar which were â€Å"†¦ each about twenty Foot high. † Immediately following these alarming and disgusting images is another liar’s trick based on the category of emphasis. This is offered in Gulliver’s careful description of his â€Å"Box. † Before analyzing this part of the passage in detail a general comment on Swift’s project in Gulliver’s Travels is required. The speaker mentions many times throughout the tale the phenomenon of â€Å"travelers tails† or â€Å"books of voyages. † These were supposedly factual accounts of what travelers from Europe had seen on the other side of the world. They were, of course, full of lies and Swift’s project throughout much of the book is to satirize the lying authors of these books. One well known liar’s trick is to emphasize the details of some fictional object. This is what Gulliver does with the description of his â€Å"Box. † Its’ origin is carefully described: â€Å"†¦ the Queen ordered a smaller one to be made for me†¦ † Its design and dimensions are carefully recorded: â€Å"†¦ This traveling Closet was an exact Square with a Window in the Middle of three of the Squares†¦ â€Å", etc. The important detail of the box’s construction which will eventually allow for Gulliver’s salvation by sailors is also carefully noted: â€Å"†¦ On the fourth side, which had no windows, two strong staples were fixed†¦ â€Å", and so on. There is a dual purpose to what we might call the â€Å"liar’s emphasis† lavished on this passage. The first is to satirize the books of travelers tales so popular in Swift’s days in which exact descriptions of fantastic creatures were given to fool the credulous. The second is to prepare the reader for Gulliver’s eventual escape. This happens in his traveling box which is then conveniently destroyed by the sailors who rescue him so that no substantial evidence of his adventure remains, and the gullible can easily believe the whole story of Gulliver among the Brobdingnags. The comic irony is an effective device in satirizing human folly. The absurdity in the relationship between these two elements is essentially targeted at England (Gulliver), the Wigs, specifically, whereby Swift is attacking his opposition. In the spirit of Swift’s famous word play about â€Å"†¦ his good Master Bates†, we can rename his fable â€Å"Gullible’s Travels. â€Å"

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Arkansas/Arkansaw Book Review

What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the state of Arkansas? Chances are, that as an Arkansan the thoughts are quite different than those of someone not born or raised here. Hillbilly, redneck, barefoot, and trailer are a just few of the common first words invoked in the minds of â€Å"foreigners† by the word Arkansas. In the non-fiction work, Arkansas/Arkansaw: How Bear Hunters, Hillbillies, and Good Ol Boys Defined a State, author Brooks Blevins provides readers with his idea of how Arkansass image began, and then perpetuated over time. He provides several examples of the creation and reiteration of this imagine, beginning as early as the 1800s and progressing all the way into the 2000s. Not every example provided in the book reflects a negative image, as Blevins is trying to prove that there are positive aspects, it has progressed over time, and is ultimately the Arkansans perception of it that determines its power. The books provided so much information of the state I am proud to call my home, and I believe that Brooks Blevins was successful in his presentation and purpose! I was pleased to find that Blevins writes this book as an Arkansas native rather than an opinionated outsider with no identity in the subject of his work. I feel that it is this factor alone that gives the book such a genuine feel. I was also pleased to find that Blevins once worked as a professor at Lyon College, which is located in my hometown. This gives me an even stronger sense of familiarity with him. The book is intended to be read by anyone interested in the subject, although it seems natural that interest would be primarily with historians and Arkansas natives. It is this readers interest that actually influences the effectiveness of Blevinss writing. Obviously, efferent readers and aesthetic readers will be seeking different things from the text and therefore take away different things from the text. But in the end, Blevins hopes that all readers will recognize the many ways in which Arkansas has fit into our nation as whole, both then and now. Blevins uses interesting techniques presenting the Arkansas image. The most unique and effective techniques is his vocabulary. â€Å"Arkansaw† is the word he uses â€Å"when referring to the states image and when invoking the mythical place conjured various stereotypes and caricatures† (5). This helps to distinguish general information from information directly related to â€Å"the mixture of fact, legend, and stereotype† that comes to mind when Americans think of Arkansas (5). Blevins also makes use of the word â€Å"Arkansawyer† to describe inhabitants and the â€Å"different reactions Arkansas people have to the Arkansaw image† (6). Another distinction in vocabulary that Blevins chose is the use of the word image in the place of identity, which implies an always active participation in the defining of a reputation. These methods contribute to the tone of the book as well as the readers understanding of the authors presentation. Blevins illustrations of Arkansass image span the course of hundreds of years. The first images presented in the books stem from early travelers to the state. The opinions of most of these travelers were mixed, with many of them describing neanderthal like conditions. Francios Marie Perrin de Lac of Arkansans, â€Å"They pass their time playing games, dancing, drinking, or doing nothing, similar in this as in other things to the savage peoples with whom they pass their time† (12). Other visitors describe humble dwellings, plain clothing, endless hunting and lots of weapons. Throughout most of the books first chapter Blevins recounts the experiences of several travelers who all seem to agree that Arkansas is a state full of lazy, violent people with no regard for the rest of the nations idea of civilization. Blevins suggest that much of the disparity in Arkansass definition of normal and the rest of the countrys comes from Arkansass geographical location. He says that because, at this time, Arkansas is blocked on the east by swamps and on the west by Indian territory it became â€Å"backwater†. Unfortunately much of Arkansass reputation at this time was negative. There are a few travelers that noted the simple goodness of Arkansans at this time. Travelers such as Friedrich Gerstacker and Washintgon Irving presented a softer side to the prominent savage-like image described by others. Gerstackers perception of Arkansans was descibed as primarily positive. He described the Arkansans he encountered as â€Å"honest and upright† and reported that Arkansas was his favorite of all the states in America. Irving said that Arkansans, â€Å"have none of that eagerness for gain, and rage for improvement, which keep our people continually on the move† (22). He had a respect for the slowed down, simple way of like Arkansans lived every day. Blevins depicts both positive and negative travel accounts and memoirs, although he believes that their impact is difficult to measure. As the book progresses through the years, Blevins begins to introduce several famous faces that call Arkansas their home, in what he calls the Heyday of the Hillbilly. He mentions everyone from musicians to actors, athletes to novelists, and intellects to political figures. For each one mentioned, Blevins describes their experience with the Arkansas image, whether they found a way to embrace it or let it bring them down. Its interesting that he does not limit this presentation to individuals born and raised in the state, and includes some that instead have â€Å"adopted† Arkansas as their home state. All of the Arkansans he describes have impacted or been impacted by the image of their state. My favorite part of the book is actually the conclusion. Blevins begins this by describing an incident that I actually remember. In 2000, while the governors mansion was undergoing extensive renovations, Governor Mike Huckabee and his family chose to stay in a triple-wide trailer. The move was quickly met with laughs and â€Å"I-told-you-sos† from all over the country. The best part of the story is that the Huckabee family embraced the situation and joined in the laughter! Huckabee said, â€Å"Let the people laugh. I think that the difference between an Arkansas and an uptight, wound-up northerner, is that were laughing with you, because we like the way we live† (186). This acceptance is what I believe is the central goal of Blevins writing. Through this book, what I think Blevins really wanted to achieve was an acceptance of the Arkansas image. He mentions what he calls the Arkansans inferiority complex and says that â€Å"people of Arkansas are probably more obsessed with their states image than are people of any other state† (186). Blevins suggests that although the nations reaction to the governors manufactured mansion implies that Arkansass hillbilly image still exists, it is no longer in the forefront of peoples mind that they think of Arkansas. Blevins goes on to identify statistics about everything from education to violence, with Arkansas â€Å"generally low where you want to be high and high where low might be a good thing† (188). However, the statistics he discusses show that Arkansas is not always the worst state in the nation. As an Arkansan, I was so shocked to read all of the negative things others about my state, although I have heard some of them myself a time or two. All Arkansans are aware that we are typically viewed in a â€Å"less civilized† light than the rest of the country. But one thing I have always held in my mind is that we cant possibly be nearly as uncivilized as the state of Mississippi.. I laughed to see Blevins use of the phrase â€Å"Thank God for Mississippi†. Part of having pride in your state is accepting that you will never be able to change an image that has been so widespread for so long. Its always better to just embrace it, join in the jokes, and no that no state is free from stereotypes or stigmas. It is a nationwide thing! Overall I was very pleased with Blevins argument in the book. The way in which he chose to approach the creation of the image was interesting and I enjoyed the various accounts he utilized. I also enjoyed learning about famous figures from my state that I had not previously known. He does a great job of presenting the information in a entertaining and real style. His pride in his home state shines through and inspires me to learn more about my state so that I can better embrace my title as a true Arkansan!

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Information Systems Theories Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Information Systems Theories Assignment - Essay Example ...................................................Page 7 Ethical Considerations In The Report†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................Page 7 CATWOE & Root Definition Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............Page 8 Root Definition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................................................Page 8 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............................................................Page 8 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........................................................Page 9 Sustaining IT Provision of Public Services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........Page 10 Inventory Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........................................Page 10 Capacity Decisions & Work Scheduling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............Page 11 Quality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................................................................Page 12 HM Government Operational Performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........Page 12 Outsourced Logistics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........................................Page 13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........................................................Page 14 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......................... ............. e of both the strategic and day-to-day operations of HM Government’s IT systems and how they influence the experiences of the British public (Porter, 2004, p.87). Various aspects of each British citizen’s experience with the government will greatly influence the general public’s perception of the quality of HM Government’s IT systems and the administrative programmes they represent. Therefore, in the current era of restless citizens, who may well take their ‘work’ to competing private contractors, there is an increased need for government representatives to be the British public’s advocates (Reynolds & Howell, 2010, p.142). HM Government’s IT systems therefore need to be influenced by many different angles and perspectives, with the closest consideration being given to the impact on HM Government’s perceived quality and equity in IT governance. Any reforms on the government systems must therefore be aimed at the satisfacti on of the British public. The Soft Systems Methodology Report Analysis of House of Commons Public Administration Committee Report This Report, entitled â€Å"Recipes for rip-offs†, is highly critical of overall HM Government IT systems procurement, implementation and support strategy. The Committee is thoroughly justified in stating that HM Government pays a lot (and by implication, far too much) for IT, as compared to the commercial sphere. The Committee recommends that these problems may be corrected through the following measures. First, the information view that HM Government has of it’s IT systems in general must be dramatically improved. This problem is due to the inadequate data that HM Government has available to it for the benchmarking of available IT products and services. It is therefore evident that HM Government pays

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Laws on Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Laws on Property - Essay Example The Supreme Court in a divided decision held that the City's purpose of expropriation, which is to give the property to a private entity for development, falls under the term, for "public use." The Court held that the City as a whole would benefit because the development would bring much-needed capital, investments and work to the City of New London which is in dire need of an economic uplift. Thus, despite the fact that the City would expropriate the property and give it to a private entity, it would still be for "public use" Real property is protected by the registration through the Torrens System of Land Registration, which is popularly used all over the world. This system was invented by Australian Sir Robert Richard Torrens, as a means of simplifying how we transfer ownership of real property. As an owner of the land, I would have it registered and have to follow the requirements set by law, and upon registration, I am issued a Torrens Title, which is my evidence or proof of ownership of the land. The great characteristics of the system are that upon registration, the Title binds and protects my ownership of the land forever to the whole world unless I decide to transfer it or sell it, which should be registered as well. The essential idea [] is simple: Artists and creators should be able to enjoy the fruits of their labor for a specified time period, after which the material becomes available for public use. Society benefits because this incentive to create will yield a rich and varied cultural menu for its citizens. (On-line) Therefore, it is clear that laws are created to protect an individual's intellectual property, and gives him ample time to benefit from his creations, and upon the expiration of the time given, the protection is lifted, and the public may benefit. Another case I briefed is on the topic of protection of intellectual property, entitled Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. vs. Samara Brothers Inc., (2000). In this case, the defendant Samara Brothers, Inc. is a company that designs and manufactures children's clothes. Samara filed a case against Wal-Mart Stores because it found out that Wal-Mart Stores had entered into a contract with Judy-Philippine, Inc. to manufacture children's outfits based on pictures of clothes made by Samara and would be sold under a Wal-Mart label, "Small Steps." The case was on the charge of infringement of unregistered trade dress on the legal basis of section 43(a) of the Trademark Act of 1946. Upon reaching the Supreme Court on Certiorari, the Court held that the designs of Samara did not constitute the legal definition of an unregistered trade dress that would warrant protection under the law. This reasoning came about due to the fact that the product's designs are not distinctive enough to constitutional protection under Section 43(a). Just because a product's design almost always identifies the product to the manufacturer, Samara's designs do not make them so distinctive as to cause confusion on the consumers.  

Monday, August 26, 2019

Sleep Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sleep - Research Paper Example The literature reviewed in this paper also confirmed that working women have the potential to experience common stressors, putting them at risk for compromised sleep quality. Table of Contents Sleep Deprivation, Shift work and Women Introduction During the agricultural era, humans structured their sleep-wake patterns with nature's dark-light cycle. They worked during the day and slept at night. Dramatic changes in this natural pattern occurred with the discovery of artificial light and the productivity of the industrial era. Artificial light made it possible for industry to operate 24 hours a day. Thus, employees were scheduled into varying shifts, including evening, night, and rotating shifts. With the information era, carne the reality of cyberspace, and it became possible to work anytime, anywhere. The workplace expanded into homes, and disrupted family and leisure time as well as sleep. Natural sleep-wake patterns were compromised and America evolved into a sleep-deprived society (LeBlond, 2008). Background Between 50 million and 70 million individuals experience frequent sleep problems (LeBlond, 2008), and significant number of workers compromise their health and safety because they mismanage or do not know how to manage sleep. Significant number of Americans are categorized as shift-workers, and most report both decreased quantity and quality of sleep, plus family and social life disruption, and impaired physical and emotional health (Bridges, 2008).Medically, problems with decreased quantity and quality of sleep associated with shift-work are diagnosed as Shift-Work Sleep Disorder, and are clinically diagnosed, by professional nurses, as Sleep Pattern Disturbance (LeBlond, 2008). The ability to cope with shift-work is influenced by a variety of inter-, intra-, and extra-personal factors, including (a) one's attitudes and beliefs about sleep, (b) one's biological clock, (c) domestic and social circumstances, and (d) sleep factors (Monk, 2000). Shift-work specifically impacts biological rhythms, negatively influences the shift-worker's quality of sleep, and disrupts family and social life. In reverse, the quality of sleep, social, and domestic demands influence the shift-worker's ability to cope with an unnatural sleep pattern (Monk, 2000; Bridges, 2008). Problem Statement Shift-workers have been reported to experience decreased quality of sleep comparable to people suffering from jet lag, except shift-workers chronically live at odds with natural sleep-wake patterns. Shift-workers predominantly report increased sleep problems, and many shift-workers may exhibit pathological sleepiness levels on the way to and from work as well as during the work shift (Sekine et al., 2006). The most common problems reported are an increased tendency to fall asleep, increased risk of accidents, impaired mood, and reduced psychomotor performance. Shift-workers, who are able to work away from domestic and social obligations, such as on oil-rigs, report adjusting to this unnatural schedule in 5-7 days. However, shift-workers with domestic and social obligations have major difficulty adjusting, leaving them at high risk for suffering the consequences of poor quantity and quality of sleep (Bridges, 2008; Taskar & Hirshkowitz, 2003). At first, men made up most of the American workforce, but women joined the ranks of the employed during World War II (WWII), and by the 1990's, women's employment patterns replicated men’

Cultural Change and Transformation Throughout Military History Essay

Cultural Change and Transformation Throughout Military History - Essay Example The role of cultural understanding as a factor influencing military operations is examined in this paper. Reference is made to two particular military operations: the American Civil War and the Operation Iraqi...... The economic development between the North and the South was not equal; the North, based on the principle of freedom of all people no matter their race, was able to absorb the immigrants and support a rapid industrial development. On the contrary, the South where immigrants were needed for supporting the farming activities of the local population, different rules – in terms of equality among people – existed. In South, farmers were asking for more slaves in order to respond to the needs of the continuously increased production. For example, the production of cotton in South was increased to ‘2.3 billion pounds in 1860, i.e. at about 230 percent during the 1850s’ (Macrohistory and World Report 2011, online article). Under the above terms, the number of slaves in USA was continuously increased, reaching in 1860 the 3,953,760 – from 1.2 million in 1800s (Macrohistory and World Report 2011, online article). Almost all slaves were living in South, a fact that led to the clear cultural differentiation between North and South. In South, the political and military authorities respected the principles of equality and freedom; in South, slavery was the rule for black and people in minorities. In terms of the characteristics of the society also, North was different from South; in North, middleclass people represented the high percentage of the population, a fact that led to the development of different ethics and culture compared to the South where the distinction between the classes was significant; two main social classes could be identified in South: the farmers and the poor people (Macrohistory and World Report 2011, online article). On the other hand, in North people did not have many chances for entertainment. They

Sunday, August 25, 2019

I need you to read the syllabus first and you choose any topic Essay

I need you to read the syllabus first and you choose any topic - Essay Example Both agricultural and non-agricultural toxic compounds causing bad effects on ecological and human health; however, it is difficult to separate these effects caused from those compounds which are intentionally released by the industries as by-products or waste materials. Nevertheless, there is wide evidence that agricultural use of pesticides has a major impact on water quality and leads to serious environmental and human health problems. Factors affecting toxicity of pesticide in water Many factors of pesticides affect the quality of water causing it more toxic, degrading and lethal 1. Toxicity Concentration of the pesticide which is enough to kill half of the test organisms in a specific test period is termed as lethal dosage (â€Å"Pesticides as Water Pollutants†). The lethal dose is inversely proportional to toxicity. Thus, the lower the lethal dosage is, the higher is the toxicity. Values ranging from 0-10 are considered as extremely toxic. Toxic response can be life thre atening or chronic, causing severe health problems, for instance, cancer, infertility, hormonal imbalance, digestive problem, etc. 2. Persistence Persistence is measured by the half-life of a pesticide. It is very important to find out about the persistency of a pesticide since it gives an idea about how poisonous a pesticide can be. Persistency is inversely proportional to lethality of a pesticide, that is, the more the persistency is, the lesser is the pesticide lethal (â€Å"Pesticides as Water Pollutants†). 3. Degradation The eroding of pesticides into other products can lead to many other problems. The newly formed by-products can have different persistency, and lethality that can totally change the surrounding in which they are present. One of the examples is DDT. When it is degraded, it forms other substance (DDD and DDE) which have totally different persistency and risks. Chronology of pesticide development The impact on water pollution is related mainly to the active ingredient present in the pesticide formulation. However, additives that are used to prepare the final formulation that include wetting agents, diluents, solvents, buffers, emulsifiers, preservatives and adhesives can be the cause of water contamination. Other than the agents used for the preparation of pesticides, degrades and the by-products formed during its usage can also contaminate water and lead to water pollution. Below are the details in chronological order of various pesticides, their sources and characteristics that have been used for many years and led to water pollutions. From 1800 to 1920 In the early period, the most useful pesticides were petroleum oils, nitro-phenols, naphthalene, chlorophenols, and creosote. These products were non-specific in nature, thus causing toxicity in targeted as well as non-targeted organisms. The source of these compounds was either laboratory preparation or by-products of coal gas productions. From 1945 to 1970 Many products that were u sed during this period were organically synthesized. Pesticides like chlorinated organic, chlorinated cyclodienes, HCCH, and DDT were persistent in nature and had a wide range of selectivity among different organisms whereas pesticides like organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, and cholinesterase inhibitors had lower resistance and caused not only user toxicity but serious water contaminatio

Saturday, August 24, 2019

A Passage to India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Passage to India - Essay Example As an initial matter, it is quite true that Fielding and Dr. Aziz established a genuine friendship. This owes a great deal to Fielding's fiercely independent nature. Unlike other British officials whom adopted a condescending attitude toward the native people, Fielding treated the Indians with a sense of decency and respect. He wasn't an idealist, but he did tend to approach issues and people from an objective and open-minded point of view. He didn't allow his perceptions of India to be affected negatively by bias or stereotypes. These qualities attracted Dr. Aziz and distinguished Fielding from the other British officials. Indeed, when Dr. Aziz was subsequently accused of assault by Adela, Fielding broke with the British and lent his support to the Indians. In short, the qualities that allowed Fielding's friendship with Dr. Aziz to flourish were his independence of mind, his personal conviction in the notion of an objective justice for all, and his strength of character in declaring and acting on his beliefs. Fielding was a principled man and Dr Aziz respected him in this way. That there were very real limits to this friendship, however, is beyond doubt. There are moments, in the beginning of the novel, when Dr.

Friday, August 23, 2019

Organizational Change Applications Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Organizational Change Applications Paper - Essay Example This is the process used by a company to implement its desired and required changes in it. And also controlling the environmental impacts of this change within and outside of the company. This research paper will cover up almost all the basic concepts of Change and also cover up all the steps involved in Change Control and Procedures. This method will be applied to Amazon, the number one internet company, that have the best internet online library for its readers. With the help of suspicious procedure and planning, it is possible to reduce risks associated with changes thereby minimizing the likelihood of detrimental impacts on business operations (5 measure to minimize risk). A change is something that is completely unavoidable and it is one of the most adopted facts of life. To be changed, is a matter of human nature and the need of time in order to provide defined Service Level to the users and give them ultimate satisfaction. Amazon, with its advanced Information Technology, is required to give all the required books to its customers at its library (How to Make Better Decisions). To bring change, is to bring betterment and advancement for the maximize availability of products. But, at Amazon, we will maintain our standard along and with the adoption of new enabling technologies for our clients, whose mostly are students. Although this change will help us grow our business and bring positive feedback to us but, we surely will maintain a high level of internal security of the company (Amazon, 2012). Amazon was founded in 1994 Founded in 1994 in Seattle, USA and currently it has up to 28,300 employees working with its online internet and shopping services. Amazon is the Global leader in e-commerce and a best internet company which has a wide range of products for its customers which all are available at very affordable price and

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Knowledge for Nursing Essay Example for Free

Knowledge for Nursing Essay This essay will explore Peplau’s concept of a nurse-patient relationship and how it narrates to the experience I had whilst on placement practice. My aim is to demonstrate my gained understanding of the nursing process, the domains of nursing, the nature of nursing models and their relationship to practice and Peplau’s model of nursing. The reason why the student has chosen this concept is because nursing is an interpersonal process which involves interaction between two or more people with a mutual goal, (George 2003). The essay will start by defining the word concept then describe the incident that I observed in placement practice. The essay will analyze how theories can be used to justify nursing interventions in practice. The conclusion summarises the main points of the essay and reflect on my learning experience. (Meleis 1991) defined concept as â€Å"a label used to describe a phenomenon or a group of phenomena† (McKenna 1997). (McKenna 1997) concludes that concepts are identified when a name is put to a phenomenon. â€Å"Therefore, a concept is a tool and not a real entity – it merely facilitates observation of a real phenomenon,† (McKenna 1997 p8). Chinn and Kramer (2008); Hage (1972); Reynolds (1971) were cited that concepts can be theoretical or tangible. Theoretical concepts are created mentally independent of a particular or interval location, whereas tangible concepts are experienced directly and relate to a specific interval or location (Alligood and Tomey, 2010). â€Å"Nursing is a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process. It functions co-operatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities. In specific situations in which a professional health team offers health services, nurses participate in the organisation of conditions that facilitate natural on going tendencies in human organisations. Nursing is an educative instrument, a maturing force that aims to promote forward movement of personality in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living. † (Peplau 1988, p16) Peplau (1952) defined phases in the nurse-patient relationships that overlap and transpire during the relationship interval. George (2002) cited the three phases defined by Peplau are as follows; orientation, identification, working, and termination. Whilst on Placement I had the prospect to put theory into practice with the supervision of my mentor when Mrs. Ahmed aged 85 was admitted into the ward after having had a fall (false name and age due to confidentiality, Nursing and Midwifery Council 2003). During handover it was reported that Mrs. Ahmed was at times unresponsive and seemed uninterested when addressed to by the nurse on duty upon admission, leaving the nurse to rely on the information obtained from the ambulance crew as she was unaccompanied. Upon arrival Mrs. Ahmed had not been able to get up from the stretcher as she was not weight bearing after the fall and appeared to be confused with the new environment. It was hoped that more information would be obtained in the morning when she awoke. Orientation stage My mentor gave me an opportunity to work with Mrs. Ahmed whilst under her supervision and it was obvious that the information we had was not complete. To get further information we went to her bedside which was in a mixed ward were we were introduced to the new patient. The orientation phase is initiated when a health problem occurs thus resulting in a felt â€Å"felt need, and professional assistance is sought. † Peplau (1952, p. 8) Peplau (1952) further states that the nurse and patient meet as two strangers, by clarifying and defining the problem in the orienting stage the patient can direct the accumulated energy from her anxiety about unmet needs and begin working with the presenting problem. The nurse patient rapport is established and continues to be strengthened while concerns are being identified. The nurse assumes a roles as described by Peplau in the overlapping phases of the nurse client relationship. Lebby and Pepper (1998) sees the nurse in the role of a stranger therefore acceptance of the patient as an emotionally able person is required. It is at this early stage I noticed that Mrs. Ahmed was unresponsive and seemed distant when my mentor asked for her consent to be assisted by a trainee nurse under her supervision (Nursing and Midwifery Council Code 2008). After asking her more than once she eventually responded and accepted the request. xxxxx When my mentor spoke to Mrs. Ahmed was clear and slow, and asked closed questions. Ashworth et al (1981) suggest that the quality and quantity of nurse-patient communication in geriatrics is affected by the nurse as well s the patient although some of the traditional attitudes by nurses toward elderly patients posed barriers to communication. Orem (1991) viewed the relationship between a nurse and patient as being complementary and therefore a nurse has to understand the basis of her own behavior. I noticed that the patient had some hearing aids on her bedside and I then considered that she might be having hearing impairment and was either not keen on using her hearing aids or needed assistance putting them on. I asked her if she was happy putting the hearing aids on her own. She attempted to put them on but seemed unsteady with her hands. I gestured that I could help and she extended them to me. I then helped her to put them on. George (2002) sees the working phase as a time when the patient starts to respond selectively to individuals who can meet their needs. Peplau (1952/1988) identified three types of responses from patients; the patient may participate and be interdependent, or be autonomous and independent from the nurse or be passive and dependent on the nurse (George 2002). Peplau (1952/1988) states the patient utilises the relationship fully by making full use of the nurse (Leddy and Pepper 1998). Peplau (1952) describes six nursing roles within the phases of the nurse patient relationship which are; stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate and counseling. She further described four psychobiological experiences, in her book which are; needs, frustration, conflict and anxiety. Peplau (1952) saw these experiences as energy providers transforming into action and provides a basis for goal formation and nursing interventions. Mrs. Ahmed showed she was becoming more relaxed and became more trusting and cooperative. Arnold and Underman Boggs (1999) suggested that the dynamic nursing approach Peplau advocated is not that of passive observer but participant observers, nurses actively engaging with their clients. I initiated further verbal dialogue and realised that although she could hear me she was struggling to understand what I was saying to her. Her replies where brief and at times not relevant to the questions posed. It became obvious that since English was not her first language she was struggling to understand me and her conversational English skills were basic. I then slowed my rate of speech and emphasised with gestures where appropriate. That way she seemed to comprehend what I was saying better. Forchuk (1993) mentions two types of communication, verbal and non-verbal communication, verbal communication conveyed by words and non-verbal communication conveyed through empathic links, postures, gestures, and patterns (Forchuck 1993). Peplau (1952/1988) considers the use of verbal communication to be an essential component of the nurse-client relationship (Forchuk 1993). The general principle is that anything clients act out with nurses will most probably not be talked about, and that which is not discussed cannot be understood. † Peplau (1989a p. 197). Forchuk (1993) suggest that discussing issues and concerns presents the patient an option to work them out. Thus nursing knowledge enables nurses to justify actions or stop unsafe or poor practices (Nursing and Midwifery 2003, The Code). Mrs. Ahmed was reluctant to have me assist her with personal hygiene although it was obvious that she needed it and it was also documented in her notes that she was not independent in this respect. She said something about being used to doing things for herself and how it was expected in her culture to clean one’s own body, she then suggested to wash herself and would ask for help when in difficulty. After washing herself, I took the opportunity of getting more information about Mrs. Ahmed, her family and health Data collection is constant throughout Peplau’s phases. George (2002) state that in the nursing process, primary collection of data is the nursing assessment, and further collection of data becomes an integral part of reassessment. The need for Mrs. Ahmed ‘s relations to be present compliments George (2002) statement that the nurse, patient and relatives need to work together in order to simplify and explain the problem at hand. Peplau (1995) discusses the need for the nurse to not only support but health educate the patient’s relations thus decreasing the tension and anxiety connected with the felt need and fear of the unknown thus the avoidance of future problems arising from unresolved significant events(George 2002). Peplau (1952/1988) states the importance of clarity on both parties in the relationship as their past experiences will influence their expectations in this progression. I also made her aware of her condition and situation whilst being conscious not to give advice, but rather asking her questions which we needed answers for, to help resolve her care needs. Peplau (1988) stated that the exploitation phase is where the nurse assists the patient to seek out other health care services and personal strengths in resolving the issues for which the client initially sought treatment. She thanked me for having explained everything she needed to know and for my patience during my interaction with her on that day. Peplau (1952/1988) saw the termination phase as a liberating process wherein the client’s wishes for psychological dependency and maintaining relationships have been worked through to support the ability to mutually end the relationship with the nurse (Leddy and Pepper 1998). Peplau views this phase as problematic for nurses as the progression of letting go is focused upon (Simpson1991).

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Belonging Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay According to Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, love and belonging is what drives human existence. We search for a sense of belonging every day of our lives, not realising that it is our perceptions and attitudes towards belonging that determine the fulfilment we experience. We can choose how we belong and the level of fulfilment we experience by changing our perceptions and attitude. This concept is expressed through the poetry of Peter Skrzynecki’s â€Å"Immigrant Chronicle†, Marc Foster’s film â€Å"Finding Neverland† and Nam Le’s short story â€Å"Love and Honour and Pride and Pity and Compassion and Sacrifice. Skrzynecki communicates the way that his perceptions and attitudes towards belonging affected his ability to feel fulfilled and content from a cultural perspective through his poetic anthology â€Å"Immigrant Chronicle†. In â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† the poet describes the admiration he has for his father and the way that he can remain connected to Poland in his mind whilst living in new country. Skrzynecki uses the word â€Å"gentle† to define his father, demonstrating the level of respect he has for him. He references the saying ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ in the line â€Å"Kept pace only with the Joneses/ Of his own minds making† to communicate that his father is able to feel content and fulfilled by choosing to stay connected with Poland, but only in his mind can he do so because they now live so far away. Skrzynecki doesn’t understand how his father can choose to belong, demonstrating his confusion by saying that his father is â€Å"happy as I have never been. † We begin to understand that Skrzynecki’s attitude towards belonging to his Polish heritage reflects his feelings of disconnection in the poem â€Å"Ancestors†. The line â€Å"where sand and grasses never stir† is a metaphor used to represent the stagnation of Skrzynecki’s connection with his Polish heritage. He is plagued with guilt and frustration as a result of his disconnection and this is demonstrated through the accusatory nature of the figures in his dream. The use of alliteration communicates Skrzynecki’s threat: â€Å"Standing shoulder to shoulder†. Skrzynecki does not realise that it is his own perceptions and attitudes that prevent him from belonging to his Polish ancestors, and this is reflected in his use of rhetorical questions throughout the poem: â€Å"how long is their wait to be? † Skrzynecki’s attitudes towards belonging begin to change in the poem â€Å"10 Mary Street† and a greater sense of fulfilment is communicated. Skrzynecki references his own poem â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† in the line â€Å"tended roses and camellias/ like adopted children. † This demonstrates that Skrzynecki’s perception of his father’s sense of belonging to his garden had changed. In â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† Skrzynecki felt excluded because his father â€Å"loved his garden like an only child†. In â€Å"10 Mary Street† he realises that the sense of belonging he shares with his father is greater than the connection his father has with the garden and that to him it is just like an â€Å"adopted† child. This change in attitude leads to the last poem of the anthology â€Å"Post Card† in which Skrzynecki comes to the realisation that he has the ability to choose where and how he belongs. He writes of a post card that has been sent to him by a friend visiting Warsaw, the town in Poland where he and his parents once lived. Skrzynecki gives a description of the post card that is plainly devoid of emotion until the last line: â€Å"The sky’s the brightest shade. † This line is positively connoted and reflects Skrzynecki’s realisation that he has the ability to connect with Warsaw. Skrzynecki directly addresses the town by stating â€Å"I never knew you. † This personifies the town and further demonstrates the poets growing connection. Skrzynecki uses the qualifier â€Å"for the moment† to undercut the line â€Å"I never knew you† which is repeated in the fourth stanza. This demonstrates that Skrzynecki recognises that he doesn’t feel a sense of belonging to his Polish heritage, but that he is willing to explore it. He once again addresses the town with a rhetorical question in the fourth stanza: â€Å"What’s my choice to be? † This directly communicates that Skrzynecki understands that he has a choice about connecting to his Polish heritage and belonging, whilst also conveying his sense of indecision. Throughout the entire anthology Skrzynecki communicates his feelings of disconnection from both Australian and Polish cultures. Post Card† is Skrzynecki’s resolution as he is content with acknowledging that he doesn’t have to belong, and at the same time recognising that he doesn’t have to feel excluded from his Polish culture either. He uses the last lines of the poem to communicate that he does feel some sense of belonging to Warsaw, through personifying the town as speaking to him: â€Å"On a rivers bank/ A lone tree whispers:/ â€Å"We will meet before you die. † This externalises Skrzynecki’s new perceptions and attitude towards belonging and his acknowledgement that he will visit Poland one day and then make the choice as to whether or not he belongs to it. Marc Foster’s â€Å"Finding Neverland† alludes to the perception that a place where we belong can be created, through imagination as well as relationships. The protagonist James Barrie James Barrie is the protagonist in â€Å"Finding Neverland† and uses his imagination to create a place where he can hide from the unhappy reality of his failing plays and marriage, a place where he belongs. Foster demonstrates Barrie’s sense of not belonging at the beginning of the movie, when we see the playwright peeping through the stage curtains at the audience in the theatre. This shows us that Barrie is anxious, an emotion that is juxtaposed with those of the laughing, relaxed theatregoers. His anxiety and inner turmoil is further demonstrated when a point of view camera shot shows us that Barrie is imagining a rain storm with a colour pallet of dark blues and blacks within the theatre. The repeated image of a door is used to demonstrate the disconnection between Barrie and his wife. For example, when Barrie asks Mary if she would like to join him on a walk to the park she declines via a shout through a closed door. During another scene Mary and Barrie are left bickering, and are again disconnected by doors when the couple retire to their separate bedrooms. The doorway into which Mary retreats is dark and presents a sense of gloom for the woman, but Barrie’s doorway reveals brightly coloured parkland. This is where we are introduced to the concept of the imaginary Neverland and the purpose it has in allowing Barrie to choose to exist in a world where he belongs. When Barrie meets the Davies family his perceptions and attitudes towards belonging begin to change. The strong relationship he is forming with the four young boys and their mother is represented through the shared experience of imaginary worlds. The scenes swap back and forth between the Davies’ back yard and an old western tavern where the boys play a game of ‘Cowboys and Indians’. Likewise, a setting of a quiet, countryside pine forest becomes an Amazonian jungle in which the Davies’ family are pirates awaiting to be appointed to the crew of Captain Barrie. The editing is fast paced to show that the sense of belonging that Barrie and the Davies are developing through their relationships with one another is becoming stronger. Barrie comes to the realisation that he can belong outside of his imaginary world. Foster uses close up shots that are shared between him and the Davies boys, which communicate the strong bonds of love and friendship that they have with each other whilst also demonstrating Barrie’s new perceptions of belonging. Barrie has a choice as to whether he belongs in reality or in Neverland. Nam Le’s â€Å"Love and Honour and Pity and Pride and Compassion and Sacrifice† also demonstrates that perceptions and attitudes determine an individual’s ability to belong, through the relationship between a young writer appropriately named Nam and his father. In the title of his short story, Le references William Faulkner and the verities that define human interaction. The words become Nam’s influence in adapting his perceptions and attitudes towards belonging throughout the story. Nam struggles over whether he should use his father’s account of surviving the My Lai massacre as a fourteen year old boy and later Vietnamese prison camps after the fall of Saigon for a writing assignment. A strong sense of disconnection is evident between Nam and his father, demonstrated through the use of short, blunt sentences and pronouns that separate the two characters identities from each other: â€Å"He loved speaking in Vietnamese proverbs. I had long since learned to ignore it. † Nam is influenced by his mentors who tell him that â€Å"ethnic literature is hot†, but he questions whether Faulkner’s verities would apply to any ethnic literature that he could write when he doesn’t feel a sense of belonging to his Vietnamese heritage. Nam feels pressured to get his story done, and the only thing breaking him free of his writer’s block is his father’s past: â€Å"F**k it, I thought. I had two and a half days left. I would write the ethnic story of my Vietnamese father. † Personal pronouns are used in this example to communicate that Nam is writing the story for his own gain, and not his father’s because there is no sense of belonging in their relationship. The use of profanity suggests that there is internal conflict within Nam and guilt over not feeling a true sense of belonging with his father and Vietnamese history. Nam’s attitude towards feeling a sense of belonging to his father’s story changes when a friend tells him that the reason he respects his writing is because he doesn’t â€Å"exploit the Vietnamese thing. † He feels a sense of shame for taking his father’s history so lightly: â€Å"We were locked in all the intricate ways of guilt. † This is where Nam comes to realise that even though his heritage is rich with the verities that Faulkner talked about, he cannot write truthfully without feeling a sense of belonging to his Vietnamese culture or his father. Nam chooses to reach out to his father in attempt to understand and develop a sense of belonging to what he had written about. He uses his new perspective about his father and his father’s past to rewrite the story, and the pronouns â€Å"me† and â€Å"he† are used in the same sentences now, to show the son’s connection to his father: â€Å"He would see how powerful was his experience, how valuable his suffering – how I had made it speak for more than itself. He would be pleased with me. † Nam has chosen to change his attitude towards the relationship he has with his father and as a result can belong through his new understanding. All three texts communicate how changes in perspectives and attitudes towards belonging determine the level of fulfilment we can experience. Through these texts we can perceive that belonging is a choice and that our perceptions and attitudes towards belonging determine how fulfilling our lives are. If we can control our perceptions and attitudes towards belonging, we can effectively control how we belong, and as a result develop a higher understanding and awareness of our own identities.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Career Aspiration For An Leadership Role

Career Aspiration For An Leadership Role Career is just like the journey when you are on the journey; you are maybe start of it, middle of your journey or near to end. In career the past of your career does not determine the future of your career, do you want to go the same direction or want to change your career direction. (Pedler, Burgoyne, Boydel 2007) Career is the pattern and biography of your working life. Career aspiration and plan development of my future is the part of this project and this includes the managing my abilities, strengths, weaknesses and all those aspects which are helpful for my career aspiration. A. Career Aspiration Strategy: When I talk about my further career strategy then it is clear that what I want from my future designation, status, money, care, esteem, satisfaction. But the question is that how I can get all these desires for this I need a proper strategy, and then I can gain my goals and desires. For gaining my desires or goals I set my Career strategy in such way: i. Short Term Strategy ii. Medium Term Strategy iii. Long Term Strategy For my future strategy I want to use the following module which is taken from Pedler M, Burgoyne J, Boydell T, A Managerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Guide to Self-Development, 5th Edition. Note: Each passage represents a major change in job requirements that translates to new skills requirements, new time horizons and applications and new work values. Based on work done initially by Walter Mahler and called Critical Career Passages. Figure 1 Critical career passages in large organizations. From Charan, R., Drotter, S. and Noel, J. The Leadership Pipeline: How to Build the Leadership Powered Company. San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 2001. Reproduced with kind permission i. Short Term Strategy: I want to set my short term strategy for my career according to the module (Fig. 1) given above and that also based on my previous experience. As I had the work experience of almost 2 years from September 2007 to till 1st December, 2009 in Pakistan and the experience was related to Manage Self according to the module (Fig. 1) and now I am in UK for Post Graduation. In short term strategy I want to start my career in UK from basic level and my career start from now to till the end of my Msc Management Practice program June 2011. Now my career path is Manage Self and does any part time job which I can get from any where and also try to get work as a Team Leader. I try to make myself perfect and strong and overcome my deficiencies in this 1st year strategy for my bright future and to manage others. In UK I had the experience as a Room Audit Officer and as a Sale man. ii. Medium Term Strategy: After the completing of my education in June 2011, I change my career towards a new dimension and towards new goals for learning and development. My new strategy is for 5 years. After completing education and when my Visa is near to expire I have two options return to my country Pakistan or stay in UK for my future work. But my first priority is to stay here, then there are further two options for me apply for HSMP or PSW. I also start to search my job in UK and also send documents for Visa extension. Where I place myself in medium term strategy? According to module (Fig. 1), I must start my career from Passage 2 and start applying for the positions which lead me toward Managerial level. In my next 3 years 2011 to 2014, I see myself as a Business Manager and want to enter in Passage 5. Which type of Organization I want to work? I just want to start my career in UK and there is no matter for me the organization is big or small but I want to see myself at a place where I learn, self development and good leadership learning. Then I want to move toward good and high reputed organization. After getting 2 years experience in any organization, I like to change my preference and move towards more education and must start again the learning process. I must do one more course of Msc as a part time in 2014 which is of two years but if I do it full time then it must be for one year after this I do the PHD in management. It is also possible that I do just PHD in Management instead of 2nd Msc. PHD is the part of my strategy in medium term planning. After from 2011 to 2016, I see myself as Business Manager and also a PHD holder in Management sciences. iii. Long Term Strategy: After the success of medium term planning my long term strategy become very vast and I have a lot of opportunities and career directions. My long term strategy is for the further 10 years from 2016 to onward. Where I see myself in further ten years? As a Professor As a Enterprise Manager As an Entrepreneur I have all these 3 choices but also two at the same time. Like if I am working in an organization, then I can also join the university as a part time professor. After gaining the experience I want to start my own business, beside this I also like to join the university as a lecturer. Desired Job Role: Fresh Graduate desired job role different from the experience person. When I have done my graduation, my desired job role was to enter in the organization, gain experience and polish myself. As I have 2 years work experience as a Sales Executive and also as a Relationship Manager designation. According to my strategy my desired job roles are such as: Marketing Executive to Marketing Manager and Director My experience as a Marketing Executive is almost 17 months and this is an edge for getting job anywhere and that is my favourite field and enjoys it. And Marketing Executive is involved in developing marketing campaigns that promote a product, service or idea. And in future career development, I can work as Sr. Marketing Executive in 1st year plan and in 2-5 years plan at Marketing Manager the in 10 years plans as a Marketing Director which present my strategy. Management Consultant My desired job role is as a Management consultant because it is related to my field and a Management Consultant is involved in providing objective advice, expertise and specialist skills with creating values, maximizing growth or improving the business performance. Customer Service Manager As I am related to marketing field and also from management there fore I know the needs of customer and the services for the customers. Therefore I like to do work as a Customer Service Manager. And the Customer Service Manager ensures that the organization work for the satisfaction of its customers needs. I like this job role because I am a creative, can do planning and problem solving person. Retail Manager I also like to do work in a retail outlet because it increases my experience and I met a lot of persons. Because of this job I have the scope as a Retail Manager in my 5 years plan and can move towards big retail outlets like Mark Spencer, Next, NIKE and any big outlet. And this job role is related to my field because of my marketing experience and my business education. Higher Education Lecturer As I explain in my 5 years and 10 years plan that I want to do PHD and this job role help me in my long term planning as a professor or lecturer in universities. In colleges and universities the qualification level is Msc and PHD. In this profession I can progress towards Dean of my department or towards the University Dean.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

Often in our lives other people affect us in both negative and positive ways. In the case of Lord of the Flies, the kids influence one another while on the island, in mostly negative ways. These influences cause for mental changes in the brain. Most of the time, mental changes affect physical changes. However, in some rare occasions it is the other way around. While on the island the boys go through numerous physical and mental changes. Although mental changes are somewhat more significant than physical changes, physical changes are still very much apparent and can sometimes cause for mental change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crashing onto the island, the kids have immaculate, clean faces due to the fact that they attend a Catholic school which, incidentally, enforces a school uniform code. As time progresses, some of the kids, particularly the choir boys, dirty their faces because of their hunting adventures. As seen on page 69, â€Å"Jack, his face smeared with clays, reached the top first and hailed Ralph excitedly, with lifted spear.† After dirtying their faces, the choir boys proceed to paint them. Page 74 mentions, â€Å"I painted my face—I stole up.† In the beginning the face painting is only something they do for fun. However, near the end of the story it becomes so bad that Ralph cannot even recognize who was standing in front of him. On page 195, â€Å"A smallish savage was standing between him and the rest of the forest, a savage striped red and white, and carrying a spear.† It can be seen by this quote that the face painting becomes a mask of evi l over the choir boys’ faces. Nevertheless, besides their faces, there is a smaller, more inconspicuous physical change, hair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their hair is manageable and of appropriate length when they arrive on the island. As time passes, they develop more animal-like characteristics as their hair becomes long and tangled. On page 64, â€Å"His fair hair was plastered over his eyebrows and he pushed it back.† However, Piggy did not experience a significant change in length of hair; it can be inferred that this was meant to symbolize his difference from all the other boys not just in hair length, but also intellectually. On page 64 it states, â€Å"The rest were shock headed, but Piggy’s hair still lay in wisps over hi head as though baldness were his natural state and this imperfect covering would soon go, like velvet on a young stag’s antlers.

Friendship in Dandelion Wine :: essays research papers

Friendship in Dandelion Wine How important is friendship in the lives of teenagers today? In the book Dandelion Wine friendship is one of the main and supporting themes that intertwines throughout the book. Friendship can come in all shapes and sizes, but when you lose a friend there are many affects. People can't imagine surviving high school and adolescence without their friends. John the best friend of Doug moves away, the aspects of losing his best friend were devastating bringing a turning point in to Doug's life with many affects. It was a sunny day until a sudden cloud came over Doug’s head, when the reality of John moving hit him (Bradbury 103) “John took the yellow and green train ticket solemnly from his pocket and they both looked at it'; (Bradbury 103). With this type of situation kids are forced to make decisions to cope with the environment around them. “Whether they’re gossiping on the telephone or huddled in school hallways, teen-agers are constantly reaching out to their friends. They can’t imagine surviving high school and adolescence without them.'; The very word of friendship is complicated in the world today. When someone leaves you for any reason you are going to miss him or her with many affects. As memories flow through your head remembering the person that left seems to get harder and harder. In the book Dandelion Wine John started to notice little things that he never noticed before, and this scared him for he was afraid that Doug wouldn’t remember him. & #8220;Shut your eyes, Doug. Now, tell me, what color eyes I got? Don’t peek. What color eyes I got?'; Douglas began to sweat. His eyelids twitched nervously. Aw heck, John that’s not fair. Tell me. Brown! John turned away. No sir. What you mean, no? You’re not even close!'; John closed his eyes. Turn around here, said Douglas. “Open up, let me see. It’s no use, said John. You’re forgot already. Just the way I said. Turn around here! Douglas grabbed him by the hair and turned him slowly. Okay Doug. John opened his eyes. Green.'; (Bradbury 105-106). The very sentimental aspect of these affects can help to shape yourself by the environment around you. “Maintaining friendship can cause a lot of anxiety among teens. One of the biggest issues is trust. Confiding in people can be tricky, a betrayal of a confidence can break a friendship'; (Ellis H1+).

Sunday, August 18, 2019

An Evaluation of My Writing :: Teaching Education Essays

An Evaluation of My Writing What Dana is; insightful. What Dana's writing hasn't been; insightful. So what does this mean? It means, that Dana has been missing from her own writings. She has been absent, and non-existent. Dana has a voice that goes unheard, and she possesses a style which has conformed instead of expanded. Her previous writing has epitomized nothingness. It resembles a cosmic soup, void of expression and individuality. There is no doubt that Dana needs to be found, and she should be pictured on the back of milk cartons with the word MISSING typed in bold letters if necessary, because her writing doesn't give any evidence that she even exists. But wait just a minute! There's been word that she's just wrapped up a quarter of expository writing, and she could be saved. This is something to be thankful for because the threat of colorless, lifeless, and uninteresting writing might be gone. We should all be rejoicing because one more writer has seen beyond the theme and converted to a style that exce eds that of the Official Style. Dana's earlier work was dry from start to finish. Her introductory paragraphs never grabbed the reader because they started out so slowly. The purpose of her own papers even seemed unclear to her, as if she wasn't completely aware of where she was headed with her thoughts and ideas. Perhaps this is so obvious because what she was writing, was written in such a way, that it didn't even remotely resemble her own communication style. Dana seemed content writing to accommodate the expectations of the person she was writing for, rather than writing to satisfy her own expectations. It was very noticeable, even in the first sentences of her introductory paragraphs, that she purposely tip-toed around issues she could have addressed including the issues in her theme papers. Dana is not the person, style, or voice, that she portrays in her papers. Dana seems to have been taught to believing that writing quality is measured by a word choice that is high caliber, eloquent, and sophisticated. I know this girl, and she doesn't use the big two dollar words in her everyday conversations, however, she uses them without discrimination in her writing. Someone, somewhere along the road of her bumpy academic career, has fed her, the very familiar, Official Style myth. It is obvious she gets sick of talking at her readers, attempting to sound like an expert, know-it-all politician. An Evaluation of My Writing :: Teaching Education Essays An Evaluation of My Writing What Dana is; insightful. What Dana's writing hasn't been; insightful. So what does this mean? It means, that Dana has been missing from her own writings. She has been absent, and non-existent. Dana has a voice that goes unheard, and she possesses a style which has conformed instead of expanded. Her previous writing has epitomized nothingness. It resembles a cosmic soup, void of expression and individuality. There is no doubt that Dana needs to be found, and she should be pictured on the back of milk cartons with the word MISSING typed in bold letters if necessary, because her writing doesn't give any evidence that she even exists. But wait just a minute! There's been word that she's just wrapped up a quarter of expository writing, and she could be saved. This is something to be thankful for because the threat of colorless, lifeless, and uninteresting writing might be gone. We should all be rejoicing because one more writer has seen beyond the theme and converted to a style that exce eds that of the Official Style. Dana's earlier work was dry from start to finish. Her introductory paragraphs never grabbed the reader because they started out so slowly. The purpose of her own papers even seemed unclear to her, as if she wasn't completely aware of where she was headed with her thoughts and ideas. Perhaps this is so obvious because what she was writing, was written in such a way, that it didn't even remotely resemble her own communication style. Dana seemed content writing to accommodate the expectations of the person she was writing for, rather than writing to satisfy her own expectations. It was very noticeable, even in the first sentences of her introductory paragraphs, that she purposely tip-toed around issues she could have addressed including the issues in her theme papers. Dana is not the person, style, or voice, that she portrays in her papers. Dana seems to have been taught to believing that writing quality is measured by a word choice that is high caliber, eloquent, and sophisticated. I know this girl, and she doesn't use the big two dollar words in her everyday conversations, however, she uses them without discrimination in her writing. Someone, somewhere along the road of her bumpy academic career, has fed her, the very familiar, Official Style myth. It is obvious she gets sick of talking at her readers, attempting to sound like an expert, know-it-all politician.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Research And Ethics Essay

Conducting a qualitative research is not an easy task. Aside from considerations regarding gathering data, looking up literature and other sources related to the study, and such, researchers engaged in qualitative studies should also consider ethical issues in order to provide results that are not only reliable and valid but also acceptable in terms of morality and standard principles. For qualitative researches to exhibit the qualities of ethically accepted studies, they should comply with certain principles and guidelines. These principles and guidelines include simple yet socially acceptable rules such as respecting the rights and human dignity of other people, providing research results that are highly beneficial and contributive, adhering to fairness and equality, and presenting the truth and nothing but the truth. (Gonzales-Perez, 2007) One specific ethical issue in qualitative research is exploitation. This is a highly significant matter because it is related to the researcher’s relationship to the participants. Researchers should always respect participants avoiding exploitation, such that researchers do not impose power over them. (Gonzales-Perez, 2007) For instance, a researcher takes advantage of the vulnerability of child or female participants by imposing power and authority and drawing from them personal and sensitive information that violates the privacy of human beings. (Gonzales-Perez, 2007) Exploitation does not meet the responsibility of researchers over the security and welfare of the participants. Personal and sensitive information that will be presented in the research obtained from exploitation will not make the research study ethically or morally acceptable, annulling its reliability and validity as a research case. (Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research, 2008) Another ethical issue is the researcher’s responsibility to inform participants of the true nature of the research. This is based on the founding principles of qualitative research which states that the researcher should always protect participants from harm. Researchers should be able to inform participants of events that will follow the research process, such as the processes, operations, requirements, and such, in order for both the participants and the researcher to become aware of possible risks or threats. Considering the health of a participant is one possible consideration. For instance, the research study focuses on the effect of food to mood or emotions. The participant should be informed of the process, as a standard operating procedure, in order to determine problems, such as food allergies, and such. In addition, researchers should also obtain consent from participants before continuing the operation of the research process. This is one of the major responsibilities of the researcher as an advocate for human rights and dignity in terms of personal safety and wellbeing. In doing so, harm and catastrophes will be avoided. (Gonzales-Perez, 2007) The third ethical issue concerning qualitative research is misrepresentations of information covered by the research study. Opportunities for misrepresentations will not make the research study valid and reliable, simply because its content is open to many interpretations and points of view. The purpose of the research process is to provide information that is clear and direct, stating facts that represent the preciseness of data. Misrepresentation defeats this purpose. This violates ethical standards and guidelines because misrepresentations hold risks and threats, especially if data or information is interpreted in the wrong way. (Gonzales-Perez, 2007) Imagine a research study focusing on health practices that will protect the safety and wellbeing of the patients. Suppose the research study concludes with suggestions that will assist health care professionals in caring for their patients. If the information is interpreted wrongly, health care professionals might commit mistakes that will endanger the lives of their patients. Abiding by ethical issues and considerations, when conducting qualitative research, is highly important. Following ethics in qualitative research determines the nature and quality of the results and the research itself – whether it is acceptable, conducted in good faith, and is beneficial to the public. Researcher should always keep in mind that they are highly responsible for the results, whether desirable or undesirable, that might arise from the research study. Therefore, following ethical standards and guidelines is a must in order to go about the research process in a correct, accurate, and appropriate way. Resources Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research. (2008). Retrieved October 18, 2008, from SA Health Info. Website: http://www. sahealthinfo. org/ethics/ethicsqualitative. htm Gonzales-Perez, M. A. (2007). Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research. Retrieved October 18, 2008, from The Community Knowledge Initiative. Website: http://www. nuigalwaycki. ie/admin/documents/Ethical_Issues. pdf